2) Where can people buy their tickets?
3) Where was the "Nut Cracker" performed?
4) Are theatres as popular now as they used to be?
5) Why don't people go to the theatre often?
Фрагмент урока №8.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.
Тема «Famous people»
Цель: формирование навыков изучающего чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
• Read the title of the text, tell what is this text about.
Alexander Bell
Alexander Bell was born on March, 3 1847 in Edinburgh. His genius was inherited from his father, who was a famous teacher of elocution, and an expert on phonetics. Even as a boy his mind was inventive but in 1870 Bell's health began to fail and there were fears of consumption. So with his father he left his native country and went to Canada. Two years later he was in Boston, where he set up a school for training teachers of the deaf and he also gave instructions in the mechanics of speech. Here he started experimenting on a machine which he believed would make the deaf "hear". He had been doing this for some time when he accidentally came across the clue for the correct principles of telephony.
Reading activities
• Make up questions to the text.
Post - reading activities.
• Tell teacher your own opinion about Alexander Bell's work.
Поисковое чтение
Фрагмент урока № 9.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.
Тема «Famous British people»
Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
• установите, есть ли часть, в которой перечисляются основные темы статьи.
Robert Burns, a well known and popular Scottish poet, was born in 1759.
Burns was born in a poor family of a farmer. There were seven children in it. Robert was the eldest. His father, William Burns, was a farmer and Robert had to help his father. His father loved and understood people and Robert learned from his father to love people. His mother had a very good voice and she often sang songs. She knew many folk-tales and told them to her children. At the age of six Robert Burns went to school, because his father wanted him to be an educated boy. Robert Burns read a lot. He was fond of reading. His favorite writer was Shakespeare. At the age of 15 he began to write poems. He wrote about people, about everyday things. The heroes of his poems were the heroes of his mother's stories.
In 1777 the Burns moved to another town. Robert wrote poetry and organized a society of young people, where all kinds of moral, social and political problems were discussed.
In 1784 his father died and Robert had to work on a small farm, but his farm brought him disappointment and misery. In 1791 he had to sell the farm. He became an officer.
He died in poverty at the age of thirty-seven in 1796. His poems are known and loved by people all over the world because Robert Burns glorified a human being.
Reading activities
• Заполни таблицу
For example: Robert Burns was born in 1759.
1759 | 1777 | 1784 | 1791 | 1796 | |
Post - reading activities.
• Fill in the words
- Robert Burns, a well known and popular Scottish poet, was … in 1759
- His father loved and … people and Robert learned from his father to love people.
- In 1784 his father … and Robert had to … on a small farm
- In 1777 the Burns moved to another ….
- He … in poverty at the age of thirty-seven in 1796.
Фрагмент урока № 10.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.
Тема: «Olympic games»
Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.
Pre - reading activities:
· найдите в тексте перечень вопросов, освещаемых в нем.
Olympic Games
The world's greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games.
The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic Movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. The Olympic emblem is five interlinked rings: blue, yellow, black, green and red. Any national flag contains at least one of these colours.
The original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honor of God Zeus at the place called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in
wrestling, foot racing and chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for men only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate but also to watch the Olympics. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in
1896. Then they were resumed in London after the Second World War. Since then the Olympics are held every fourth year in different countries. The ancient Greeks had no winter sports. Only in 1924 the first Winter Olympic Games were held in France, Now they are being held regularly.
Reading activities:
· отметьте в тексте места, дающие ответы на предложенные вопросы.
Questions:
1. What are the world's greatest sports games?
2. What does the Olympic idea mean?
3. What is the Olympic emblem?
4. Why have these colours been chosen?
5. When and where did the original Olympic Games begin?
6. Did women participate in the games?
7. When were the first modern Olympic Games held? Where?
8. Are the Olympics held in the same place?
9. When did the Winter Olympic Games start being held?
Post - reading activities:
· Find the English equivalents in the text.
Мир, братство, содержать, древний,до нашей эры, Зевс, участвовать, возобновлять.
Фрагмент урока № 11.
Учебник Биболетова М.З. «Enjoy English», 8 класс.
Тема: «The British Media»
Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.
Pre - reading activities:
· установите, есть ли часть, в которой перечисляются основные темы статьи.
The British Media
The British Media consists of the press and radio and TV broadcasting.
Now a couple of words about papers. First of all there is no subscription. You may buy any on sale. There are two main types of newspapers: the "popular" papers and the "quality" papers. The popular papers are less in size, with many pictures, big
headlines and short articles. They are easy to read. They are such papers as "Daily Express", "Daily mail", "Daily Mirror", "Daily Star", "The Sun" and others. The "quality" papers are for more serious readership. These papers are bigger in size, with larger articles and more detailed information. The "quality" papers are -- "The Times", "Daily Telegraph", "The Guardian", "Financial Times", "The
Independent". In addition to daily papers we have just mentioned above
there are Sunday papers. They have a higher circulation than the dailies. Sunday papers in Great Britain are such "quality" papers as "Observer", "Sunday Times", "Sunday Telegraph" and such "popular" papers as: "News of the
World", "Sunday Express", "Sunday Mirror", "Mail on Sunday". As far as broadcasting and telecasting are concerned there are two radio and TV stations. The first one -- well-known BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation, and the second -- IBA -- Independent Broadcasting Authorities. The newspapers in Britain are proud of the fact that they are different from each other -- each tries to have a definite profile.
Reading activities:
· просмотрите текст и скажите, для какой категории читателей он может представлять интерес и почему;
Post - reading activities:
· прочитайте из текста факты, которые относятся к теме.
Фрагмент урока № 12.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -7», 7 класс.
Тема: «What do you know about the USA?»
Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.
Pre - reading activities:
· разделите текст на абзацы.
After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. The United States of America lies in the central part of North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska and the rest major part of the USA. There are fifty states and district of Columbia. The states differ very much in size, population and economical development. The population of the United States is about 250 million people. What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economical, political and military dominance over other countries. The United States is a federal republic. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican. The flag of the USA is called "Stars and Stripes". The 50 stars -- white on a blue field -- represent the 50 states, 18 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England. The capital of the United States is Washington. It was named in honor of the first president whose name was George Washington. The biggest cities of the USA are New York, San Francisco, IMS Angeles, Chicago and other.
Reading activities:
· отметьте в тексте места, дающие ответы на предложенные вопросы.
1. Where is the US situated?
2. What are the major political parties?
3. Who is the US president now?
4. How many States are there in the country?
5. What is the US population?
6. What is the political structure in the country?
7. What is the capital of the USA?
8. What is the name of the American flag?
Post - reading activities:
· Find the English equivalents in the text.
Развитие,держать, ведущий,могущественный, мощный, побережье, состоять, омываться,отдельный,преобладание, ветвь, отрасль, разделять,законодательный,исполнительный,судебный,представлять.
Просмотровое чтение
Фрагмент урока № 13.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -6», 6 класс
Тема: «Christmas Day»
Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
1) Read the title of the text and answer the question «What is this text about?»
«Christmas Day»
Christmas Day, December 25th, is probably the most exciting day of the year for most English children. They know that they will get presents, just as they do on their birthdays, but on Christmas Day most of them will also see what their brothers and sisters have received. They also have the pleasure of giving presents, which is often as satisfying as receiving them.
Traditionally, English children hang a stocking at the end of the bed on Christmas Eve. In the morning they check, whether the stocking has been filled with small toys, fruit and sweets. Larger toys will be nearby.
The morning will be spent playing with the new toys, then comes lunch, often with the turkey or goose as the main dish. Afterwards there is Christmas pudding to be eaten. Usually a coin or two will have been hidden inside it, and part of the fun is to see who finds it.
Reading activities
2) Choose the regular and irregular verbs.
Post - reading activities.
3) Where and how can you use this information?
Фрагмент урока № 14.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -7», 7 класс.
Тема: «Education in Britain»
Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
· Прочтите заглавие и скажите, о чём пойдёт речь в тексте.
Education in Britain
In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old. In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of
Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School. When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or "O level" (Ordinary level). After
that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities. In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor's degree and the Master's degree.
Reading activities:
· Определите, какая проблема обсуждается в тексте.
Post - reading activities.
· Answer the questions.
1. When does compulsory school begin?
2. How long does a child stay in compulsory school?
3. What subjects do children learn in Primary School?
4. What kind of exam do students have to take when they are 16?
5. Do students have to leave school at the age of 16 or to continue their studies?
6. How do private schools differ from the regular ones?
7. How many universities are there in England?
8. What is the Open University?
9. What kinds of degrees do universities award?
Фрагмент урока № 15.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.
Тема: «Places of Interest in Great Britain»
Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
· What do you know about The Tower of London?
The Tower of London is one of the most imposing and popular of London's historical sites. It comprises not one, but 20 towers. The oldest of which, the White Tower, dates back to the llth century and the time of William the Conqueror. Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower of London, because of the Tower's evil reputation as a prison. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels. Today they can be viewed in their new jewel house. They include the Crown of Queen
Elizabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond. Many stories associated with British history come from the Tower. In 1483 King Edward IV's two sons were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two centuries later the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath steps
in the White Tower. Traitor's Gate has steps leading down to the River Thames.
Countless prisoners, including the future Queen Elizabeth I of England, were brought to the Tower by barge and ascended the steps before being imprisoned. For many it was their last moment of freedom before their death. But Elizabeth was released from the Tower and became Queen. The King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was brought to trial there in 1536 and beheaded. Six years later her cousin, Catherine, Henry VIII's fifth wife, suffered the same fate. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535.
Reading activities:
· Translate the following words combinations:
historical sites
William the Conqueror
new jewel house
ascended the steps
Countless prisoners
last moment of freedom
was beheaded
Post - reading activities.
· Retell the text.
Фрагмент урока № 16.
Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.
Тема: «English Writers»
Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.
Pre - reading activities.
· Прочтите заглавие и скажите, о чём пойдёт речь в тексте.
Arthur Burdon and Dr Porhoet
Arthur Burdon and Dr Porhoet walked in silence. Arthur has just arrived in Paris. He was a surgeon at St Luke's hospital, and had come to study the methods of the French doctors; but the real object of his visit to Paris was certainly to see Margaret Dauncey.
He looked upon himself as a happy man. He loved Margaret with all his heart and he was sure of her affection of him. It was impossible anything could disturb the pleasant life they had planned together.
"We're going to fix the date of our marriage now", Arthur remarked to Dr Porhoet. "I'm buying furniture already".
"I think only English people could behave as oddly as you in postponing your marriage without any reason for two years," replied the doctor.
"You see, Margaret was ten when I first saw her, and only seventeen when I asked her to marry me. She seemed hardly ready for marriage She was still growing. We loved each other and we had a long time before us. We could wait".
At that moment a man walked past them, a big stout fellow, dressed in a bright check suit. He gravely took off his hat and greeted Dr Porhoet The doctor smiled and returned the salutation.
"Who is your fat friend?" asked Arthur.
"He is an Englishman too. His name is Oliver Haddo."
"An artist?" asked Arthur in the scornful tone in which he spoke о those whose work was not so practical as his own.
"Not exactly. I met him some time ago by chance. When I was collecting the material for my little book on the old alchemists I read a great deal in the library of the 'Arsenal,' which as you may know is rich in work dealing with the occult sciences. One day I was studying some question on which it seemed impossible to find any authorities. The librarian could no help me, and I wanted to give up the search, when this person brought m the book I needed. I was very grateful to the stranger. We left together that afternoon, and our common studies gave a theme of conversation...'
Reading activities:
· Try to understand the underlined words. Check in the dictionary.
Post - reading activities.
· Прочитайте текст и выполните задание: обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую ответу, который вы считаете наиболее верным.
A. Arthur came to Paris to...
1....visit his relatives.
2...meet the girl he loved.
3...see his old friend.
4...go sightseeing.
B. Arthur and Margaret had known each other...
1...for a week.
2...for a year.
3...for a few months.
4....for many years.
C. Dr Porhoet has written a book...
1...on medicine.
2...on biology.
3...on art.
4...on an occult science.
D. Margaret and Arthur were going to...
1...marry soon.
2...divorce at once.
3...postpone the marriage.
4...visit England.
E. Oliver Haddo helped Dr Porhoet...
1...find the way to the library.
2...get information he needed.
3...cross the street.
4...buy a book.
Исходя из выше изложенного можно сделать вывод, что только использование различных видов чтения на уроках иностранного языка с разнообразными видами заданий, способно поднять каждого ученика еще на одну ступень к высотам мировой культуры. Однако при этом главным требованием текстов является воспитательная и познавательная ценность, их нравственный потенциал, а также научность содержания.
Заключение
Одним из общепринятых средств формирования личности в цивилизованном обществе является чтение в силу его большого интеллектуального и эмоционального воздействия на личность. «Телевидение, компьютеры -вторичные системы по отношению к книге, только она первичная основа образованности»[ 17,23].
Процесс чтения базируется на технической стороне, то есть на навыках, которые представляют собой автоматизированные зрительно - слуховые связи языковых явлений с их значением, на основе которых происходит узнавание и понимание письменных знаков и письменного текста в целом и, следовательно, реализация коммуникативного умения чтения. Чтение - одно из важнейших средств формирования личности, важнейшее условие формирования мыслительных способностей. С одной стороны, чтение является предметом обучения, а с другой, средством обучения. Чтение - один из главнейших языковых навыков, который учащиеся должны усвоить в процессе изучения иностранного языка.
К основным видам чтения относятся: ознакомительное, изучающее, просмотровое и поисковое чтение. Ознакомительное чтение представляет собой познающее чтение, при котором предметом внимания читающего становится все речевое произведение (книга, статья, рассказ) без установки на получение определенной информации. Изучающее чтение предусматривает максимально полное и точное понимание всей содержащейся в тексте информации и критическое ее осмысление. Поисковое чтение ориентировано на чтение газет и литературы. Его цель - быстрое нахождение в тексте вполне определенных данных (фактов, характеристик, цифровых показателей и т.д.). Просмотровое чтение предполагает получение общего представления о читаемом материале. Его целью является получение самого общего представления о теме и круге вопросов, рассматриваемых в тексте.
При работе с любым текстом можно выделить три основных этапы работы: дотекстовый, текстовый и послетекстовый этапы. На предтекстовом этапе проводится подготовка к чтению, т.е. снятие языковых трудностей, ознакомление с темой и социокультурными понятиями и реалиями, упоминаемыми в тексте. Текстовой этап включают в себя задания, которые учащиеся выполняют непосредственно во время чтения. Цель послетекстового этапа - интеграция чтения с продуктивными коммуникативными умениями, а именно говорением и письмом, т.е. учащиеся, применяют полученные в ходе чтения знания в различных речевых ситуациях.
Фрагменты уроков представленные во второй главе позволяют сделать вывод, что только использование различных видов чтения на уроках иностранного языка с разнообразными видами заданий, способно поднять каждого ученика еще на одну ступень к высотам мировой культуры. Однако при этом главным требованием текстов является воспитательная и познавательная ценность, их нравственный потенциал, а также научность содержания. Данные фрагменты могут быть использованы при организации уроков, семинаров-практикумов и консультаций. Таким образом, цель работы достигнута.
Список литературы
1. Артемонов В.А. Психология обучения иностранным языкам. - М.: Просвещение, 2005.
2. Бим И.Л. Подготовка учителя иностранного языка. - М.: Первое сентября, 2001.
3. Верещагина И.Н. Методика обучения английскому языку на начальном этапе в общеобразовательных учреждениях. - М.: РАО, 2005. - С.174-181.
4. Игумнова О.В. Урок чтения английского языка в 8 классе // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2006. - №2. - С.42-47.
5. Иличкина Е.В. Взаимосвязанное обучение чтению и говорению // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2006. - №6. - С.48-52.
6. Колесникова И.Л. Англо-русский терминологический справочник по методике преподавания иностранных языков - СПБ.: БЛИЦ, 2001. - С. 39-52.
7. Колыхалова О.А. Билингвизм и гуманитарное образование // Педагог. - 2000. - №2.- С.10-12.
8. Коряковцева Н.Ф. Современная методика организации самостоятельной работы изучающих иностранные языки. - М.: АРКТИ, 2002.
9. Кузовлев В.П. Английский язык для 8 класса. - М.: Просвещение, 2003.
10. Купарёва В.В. Использование метода денотативного анализа иноязычного текста при обучении чтению // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2003. - №2. - С.16 - 19.
11. Проблемы и перспективы развития общего среднего образования / Под ред. Леднева В.С. - М.: РАО, 2003.
12. Маслыко Е.А. Настольная книга преподавателя иностранного языка. - М.: Высшая школа, 2000.
13. Миролюбов А.А. Теоретические основы методики обучения иностранному языку в средней школе. - М.: АРКТИ, 2005.
14. Миролюбов А.А. Майкл Уэст и его методика обучения чтению // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2003. - №2. - С.22-26.
15. Никитенко З.Н. Методика обучения технике чтения в УМК по английскому языку для начальной школы // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2007. - № 5. - С. 23-28.
16. Новиков А.И. Лингвистические вопросы алгоритмической обработки сообщений. - М.: Наука, 2001. - С. 41-47.
17. Нуждина М.А. К вопросу управления процессом порождения речевого произведения на основе текста // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2002. - №2.- С. 17-23
18. Салтовская Г.М. Приёмы обучения различным видам чтения // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2005.- № 4.- С.10-16.
19. Сафонова В.В. Проблемные задания на уроках английского языка в школе. - М.: Еврошкола, 2001.
20. Селиванова Н.А Домашнее чтение - важный компонент содержания обучения иностранным языкам в средней школе // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2004. - №4. - С.1-26.
21. Соловова Е.Н. Методика отбора и работы с текстами для чтения на старшем этапе обучения школьников // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2007.- № 2. - С.2 - 10.
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